Introduction to Quartz Glass
Quartz glass, also known as fused quartz or vitreous silica, is a type of glass composed of at least 99.5% silica (SiO₂). It is produced from natural crystal or silicon halides through high-temperature melting or chemical vapor deposition processes. Quartz glass is renowned for its high purity and is manufactured using various methods, including electric fusion and gas refining. It can be classified into transparent and opaque categories based on transparency, and into high-purity, ordinary, and doped categories based on purity. Synthetic fused silica, produced using direct gas refining of silicon tetrachloride, boasts an SiO₂ content of up to 99.999%.

Classification
1. By Composition:

Transparent Quartz Glass: Contains few or no bubbles and scattering particles. It includes fused quartz (SiO₂ content above 99.97%) and synthetic quartz (SiO₂ content above 99.995%). Mainly used in the semiconductor, electric light source, metallurgy, chemical industries, and defense technology.

Opaque Quartz Glass: Contains numerous tiny bubbles and scattering particles, making it opaque or translucent. Typically made from pure silicon sand (SiO₂ content above 99.5%) or high-purity crystal for semiconductor applications. It offers better thermal insulation than transparent quartz glass but slightly inferior overall performance. Due to simpler production processes and abundant raw materials, it is more economical and used in chemical synthesis reactors, acid-resistant pipelines, optical glass melting crucibles, refractory materials, and other electrical and thermal materials.

Optical Quartz Glass:

Based on the spectral transmission range, optical quartz glass is divided into three types: far-ultraviolet (FUV), ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR).

UV Optical Quartz Glass
UV optical quartz glass refers to quartz glass with excellent transmittance in the ultraviolet wavelength range. It can be further divided into far-ultraviolet and general ultraviolet types.
Far-Ultraviolet Quartz Glass: Synthetic Quartz Glass，JGS1 quartz glass Characterized by high purity, absence of bubbles, lack of particle structure, and radiation resistance. The application spectral wavelength range is 185-2500 nm.
General Ultraviolet Quartz Glass:Fused Quartz Glass，JGS2 Quartz glass Made from high-quality crystal using the gas refining method. It has slightly lower purity, and the UV absorption edge shifts to longer wavelengths. The application spectral wavelength range is 220-2500 nm. It is primarily used in precision optical instruments, analytical instruments, astronomical instruments, and space technology.
IR Optical Quartz Glass：JGS3 Quartz glass
IR optical quartz glass refers to quartz glass with excellent transmittance in the near-infrared wavelength range. It is used in the spectral wavelength range of 260-3500 nm. Made from high-quality crystal or silicon, it is processed into blanks using the vacuum pressing method and then annealed into various optical components. Due to its low hydroxyl content, it has better infrared transmittance. It is mainly used in infrared detection and tracking systems, precision optical instrument components, industrial furnace observation windows, missile antenna covers, radar delay lines, and color television delay line panels.

Quartz Glass Transmission
Cerium-Doped Quartz Glass
This type of quartz glass is produced by doping cerium ions into the glass. It has excellent absorption properties in the ultraviolet region, with an absorption peak at 320 nm. Under UV excitation, it exhibits fluorescence. Laser xenon lamps made with this glass have 22% higher radiant energy and approximately 16% overall efficiency improvement compared to ordinary xenon lamps. Their lifespan is increased more than tenfold, reaching over 10 million cycles. Cerium-doped quartz glass is used as the tube wall material for laser pumps in small neodymium pentaphosphate lasers, medium and small power Nd lasers, and high-power neodymium glass lasers, improving efficiency and extending lifespan. It is currently used in laser rangefinders, laser nuclear fusion, diamond laser drilling, and other fields.

UV-Filtering Quartz Glass
UV-filtering quartz glass is made by doping praseodymium and other metal ions into the quartz glass. It strongly absorbs ultraviolet light while retaining the excellent properties of quartz glass. Short-wave UV-filtering quartz glass is suitable for making high-pressure mercury lamps, germicidal lamps, and xenon lamps, used in medical, cinema projection, and other everyday lighting applications. It prevents short-wave UV from causing burns to human skin and forming ozone in the air. Long-wave UV-filtering quartz glass is used as a light source for color photo printing plates, improving color printing quality, and as the third-generation light source and filter material for solid-state lasers, enhancing laser efficiency by 20-50%, extending the light source lifespan to over 10 million cycles, eliminating UV radiation damage to humans, and preventing corrosion of devices and environmental pollution by filter liquids. This allows for the miniaturization of lasers.

Chemical Properties
Quartz glass has an extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, high-temperature resistance, excellent chemical stability, superior electrical insulation, low and stable ultrasonic delay characteristics, optimal UV spectrum transmission, and the ability to transmit visible and near-infrared light. It is indispensable in advanced technologies such as space technology, nuclear industry, defense equipment, automation systems, and various industries like semiconductor, metallurgy, chemical, electric light sources, communication, light industry, and construction materials. Quartz glass is an acidic material, inert to most acids except hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid. It is also minimally affected by alkalis and salts at room temperature.

Electrical Properties
Quartz glass exhibits high dielectric strength and extremely low conductivity. It maintains high dielectric strength and resistance even under high temperature, high pressure, and high-frequency conditions, making it an excellent high-temperature dielectric insulating material.

Optical Properties
Quartz glass excels in optical properties, transmitting far-ultraviolet light, visible light, and near-infrared light. It is the best material for UV transmission and can be used within the 185-3500 nm wavelength range. Due to its high-temperature resistance, minimal thermal expansion, excellent chemical stability, and minimal bubbles and streaks, quartz glass is essential for stable optical systems in harsh environments.

Thermal Properties
Quartz glass has a low thermal expansion coefficient of 5.5×10⁻⁷/°C, about 1/12 to 1/20 that of ordinary glass. Standard tests involve heating samples to 1200°C and rapidly cooling them in water multiple times without breaking. When doped with titanium, it can achieve zero thermal expansion, useful in laser technology, astronomy, and advanced technologies.

Mechanical Properties
Quartz glass has superior mechanical properties compared to hard glass and ceramics, though it is less brittle. Its theoretical strength is around 24×10³ MPa, but actual measurements are lower due to surface defects like microcracks. Polishing can enhance the strength significantly. Its strength increases with temperature, peaking near the annealing temperature. Parameters like shear modulus, Young's modulus, damping, Poisson's ratio, and rupture modulus generally increase with temperature, while hardness decreases.

Mechanical Property	Reference Value	Mechanical Property	Reference Value
Density	2.203g/cm	Refractive Index	1.45845
Compressive Strength	>1100Mpa	Coefficient of thermal expansion	5.5×10/°C
Bending Strength	67Mpa	Hot work temperature	1750~2050°C
Tensile Strength	48.3Mpa	The temperature for a short time	1300°C
Poisson's Ratio	0.14~0.17	The temperature for a long time	1100°C
Elastic Modulus	71700Mpa	Resistivity	7×107Ω.cm
Shearing Modulus	31000Mpa	Dielectric Strength	250~400Kv/cm
Moths Hardness	5.3~6.5(Moths Scale)	Dielectric Constant	3.7~3.9
Deformation Point	1280°C	Dielectric absorption coefficient	<4×104
Specific Heat(20~350°C)	670J/Kg°C	Dielectric loss coefficient	<1×104
Thermal Conductivity(20°C)	T1.4W/m°C	Typical Mechanical Property of Fused Quartz

Usage Precautions
Handle quartz glass products with care due to their high value.
Do not exceed the maximum usage temperature to avoid crystallization or deformation.
Clean quartz glass thoroughly before high-temperature use, using 10% hydrofluoric acid or a cleaning solution, followed by high-purity water or alcohol. Use gloves to prevent direct contact.
Continuous use at high temperatures is recommended for longevity and thermal performance.
Quartz glass can withstand rapid temperature changes, but variations in residual strain and product shape may affect stability.

Avoid contact with alkaline substances at high temperatures to maintain anti-crystallization performance.

Applications

Quartz glass can be made into tubes, rods, plates, blocks, and fibers, and shaped into various instruments and vessels. It can be cut, ground, and polished into optical components like mirrors and lenses. With added impurities, it can yield new types with special properties, such as ultra-low expansion or fluorescent quartz glass. Its high-temperature resistance, low expansion coefficient, thermal shock resistance, chemical stability, and electrical insulation make it suitable for use in semiconductors, electric light sources, optical communications, laser technology, optical instruments, laboratory equipment, chemical industry, electrical engineering, metallurgy, and construction materials.

We offer custom processing of products based on customer-specified materials and unique shapes and sizes. Our range of materials includes high-quality options such as:

Schott (Germany): 

SCHOTT Borofloat® 33
SCHOTT D 263®
SCHOTT AF45®
SCHOTT AF32®
SCHOTT SUPREMAX® 33
SCHOTT Duran® 8330
ZERODUR, Robax, AF32,Schott S7010N Samarium doped Quartz glass.
Corning (USA): Gorilla Glass (2320, 5318, 7318), Eagle-XG, Pyrex 7740
Other Materials: K9 glass, BK7 glass, B270 glass, sapphire glass

Optical quartz glass (Chinese grades JGS1, JGS2, JGS3), Corning (USA), Heraeus (Germany), and Ohara (Japan),Cerium doped quartz glass.
Our processing capabilities encompass a variety of shapes and finishes, including polishing, drilling, slotting, edge trimming, and grinding. We cater to the needs of scientific research institutions, laboratories, and universities by offering precision machining services with a minimum order quantity of just one piece.

Contact us to experience our high-quality services and explore how we can meet your specific requirements.